Kidney Failure

Kidney failure can be defined as one or both kidneys failing to adequately filter waste and toxins from the blood. Kidney failure is either acute or chronic. Acute kidney failure occurs suddenly, whereas chronic kidney failure develops over a period of time. Kidney failure is also known as renal failure and can be permanent or […]

The Ankle Joint

The ankle joint is a synovial hinge joint located in the lower limb.  It is formed by the bones of the leg, the tibia and fibula, and the talus of the foot.  The tibia and fibula are bound together by strong ligaments and together they form a bracket shaped socket known as a mortise.  The body of the talus in the foot fits snugly into the mortise, forming the ankle joint.

The Shoulder

The shoulder is made up of three bones, the scapula or the shoulder blade, the clavicle or the collar bone and the humerus or the bone in the upper arm. These bones are joined with two joints. These joints are the acromioclavicular (AC) joint and the glenohumeral joint which is the traditional ball and socket joint that allows complete range of motion in the shoulder.

Chondromalacia Patella

Chondromalacia literally means softening of the cartilage, and patella means knee cap. Chondromalacia patella means softening of the articular cartilage of the knee cap.  The articular cartilage is the cartilage lining under the knee cap that articulates with the knee joint. Normally, it is smooth and shiny, so that it glides smoothly along the articular […]

The Kidneys

The kidneys are a pair of organs located in the back of the abdomen. Each kidney is about the size of a fist. The kidneys’ function is to filter the blood by removing waste products, and control the fluid balance in the body whilst regulating the balance of electrolytes. The kidneys are also involved in hormone production and blood pressure regulation. All the blood in our body passes through the kidneys several times a day.

Cardiac Disorders

This week we are taking a look at some ailments that can directly or indirectly affect heart function. There are many extremely common conditions, which, depending on severity, can range from insignificant to potentially fatal disorders. Patient history is just as important as objective testing when it comes to cardiac patients. This is because many […]